BASIC OPERATIONS WITH GIT

This is PART-03 of the Yet Another GIT-Reference series.

NOW it’s time for you to learn the bare essentials of all GIT-Commands needed to manage your Sources; [Whether it be Source-Code, Documentations, Websites OR well even a poem]

1. git clone REPOSITORY-LINK
This command clones or copies your entire remote repository to your local-repository on your computer.
E.g:-

git clone https://codeberg.org/Netizenry/get-LBRY.git




2. git add OPTIONS
This command ADDS the CHANGED/MODIFIED Files/Folders to the Staging-Area in order to be committed.
E.g:-

 git add .


Here we used the period-symbol, which is "." to ADD ALL THE MODIFIED files & folders (If we didn't we would have to specify file or folder names individiually)


3. git rm OPTIONS
This command REMOVES the CHANGED/MODIFIED Files/Folders from the Staging-Area in order to be obviously NOT committed.
E.g:-

git rm -r FOLDER/FILE


Here we used the recursive-option "-r" TO REMOVE ALL THE FILES IN A FOLDERS to prevent it from being tracked by GIT (If we didn't, then we would have to specify file-names individiually)


4. git commit -m “COMMIT-MESSAGE"
This command COMMITS or Transfers the changes/modified-files that were in the Staging-Area to the Local-Repository with a "MESSAGE" that you can convey describing your commits.
E.g:-

git commit -m “added new lines”


When you COMMIT the changes to your LOCAL-REPOSITORY, you basically commit ALL the changes that you added to the STAGING-AREA.


5. git log OPTIONS
Shows all your commits performed on your Local-Repository.
E.g:-

git log

  OR

git log -p -1


You can also use the "-p" OPTION to get more info & by how many logs (like "-p -1" will give you info in 1 log)


6. git push origin BRANCH-NAME
PUSHES or Uploads the COMMITED-CHANGES on your local-repository to a specified branch on your REMOTE-REPOSITORY.
E.g:-

git push origin main


Remember to mention the branch-name while Pushing Changes (It's considered "BEST PRACTICE" to do so; Here the branch-name is "main")


7. git pull origin BRANCH-NAME
PULLS or Downloads the PUSHED-CHANGES on a specified branch on your remote-repository to your LOCAL-REPOSITORY & merges the changes with your local repo (AKA update your Local-Repo in a way).
E.g:-

git pull origin main


Just like in case of "git push", Remember to mention the branch-name while Pulling Changes (It's considered "BEST PRACTICE" to do so; Here the branch-name is "main")


8. git branch
Shows the names of all the branches created under your Repository (Along with highlighting which branch YOU ARE CURRENTLY ON)
E.g:-

git branch




9. git branch NEW BRANCH-NAME
This command allows you to create a new branch with a name of your choosing.
E.g:-

git branch test


Also, in order for the new branches to REGISTER/SHOW-UP in you remote-repository; you should commit & then PUSH while specifying the new branch's name.


10. git checkout BRANCH-NAME
This command allows you to switch to a specified-branch.
E.g:-

git checkout test


Here; "test" is the name of the branch you are switching to.


11. git checkout -b NEW BRANCH-NAME
The "-b" OPTION allows you to CREATE & THEN SWITCH to the newly-created Branch.
E.g:-

git checkout -b test


Here; "test" is a new branch that you created & simulataneously switched to.


12. git status
This command shows the status of your Local-Repository.
E.g:-

 git status


It which branch you are on, how far BEHIND/AHEAD are you when compared to the MAIN-Branch & Any changes left to be commited.


13. git merge BRANCH-NAME
This command Merges a Specified-Branch (NOT the Branch you're currently on) with the branch that you are currently on.
E.g:-

git merge test


let's assume you're on the branch called "main"; Hence, it will MERGE a branch called "test" with the branch called "main".


14. git remote OPTIONS
This command sets up the connection with your Remote-Repository (AKA "origin") OR shows which Remote-Repository/"Origin" you are connected to.Depending on the OPTIONS Used.
E.g:-

git remote -v

    OR

git remote set-url


The "-v" OPTION views the URL of Origin; while the "set-url" OPTION sets URL of Origin.


15. git restore FILE-NAME
This command restores your Modified-Files to their previous Un-Modified State. based on the Commit-History recorded on your Local-Repository.
E.g:-

git restore sample.txt

   OR

git restore --unstaged sample.txt


Here, "sample.txt" is a Modified-File; Also, if you use the "--unstaged" OPTION then it merely removes the Modified-Files from the STAGING-AREA.


16. git fetch
This command retrieves info on all the commits from your remote-repository (from your current branch) in order for you to review them.
E.g:-

git fetch